Which Orange Juice Has the Most Vitamin C Essay Example

Which Orange Juice Has the Most Vitamin C Paper Nutrient C which is otherwise called ascorbic corrosive or ascorbate is a water-dissolvable nutrient and a basic supplement to the people and different creatures. It doesn't have any smell and ordinarily, it is a white strong whose compound recipe is given as C6H8O6. The oxidation procedure that prompts the development of dehydroascorbic corrosive is promptly reversible. The lack of the nutrient in people is known to cause scurvy; this is the place the term was gotten from suggesting its job in anticipation of the confusion (Hilary Hickey, 2004). Citrus leafy foods juices they give contain a fluctuating convergence of nutrient C. Natural products with a high nutrient C fixation incorporate oranges, peaches, grapes, bananas, strawberries and lemons. There are likewise different sorts of nourishments that contain satisfactory measure of nutrient C. These include: potatoes, beans, cabbage, lettuce, cauliflower, broccoli, and tomatoes (http://www.exrx.net/Nutrition/Antioxidants/VitaminC. html).Vitamin C in dietary enhancements is found in an assortment of structures, all the more explicitly based on its effectiveness and its level of accessibility to the tissues after it has been directed. As per ongoing investigates, the organic action of normal and manufactured ascorbic corrosive is the equivalent; the two types of nutrient C are indistinguishable in compound structure. Nutrient C in the human body is utilized in the creation of collagen which makes the connective tissue. It likewise builds the capacity of the body to assimilate iron, a significant constituent of blood, in this manner helping in red platelet development. Thus, the resistant framework is invigorated battle against diseases. Ongoing examinations demonstrate that Vitamin C has the capability of forestalling malignant growth (Higdon, 2006).Vitamin C in OrangesHumans don't have the compound that can be utilized in the change of Glucose to ascorbic corrosive. In this manner, their bodies can't integrate Vitamin C. Consequently, it is prudent that a solid eating routine be made out of a lot of Vitamin C (http://www.exrx.net/Nutrition/Antioxidants/VitaminC.html). Reports demonstrate that oranges have a high substance of Vitamin C; also, oranges are usually devoured in a dominant part of the family units. There are an assortment of orange kinds for example, navel, Persian, blood, and Valencia oranges. The corrosiveness level of the natural products ranges from 2.5 to 3, and this is to a great extent influenced by the age, type and size of the organic product; anyway they are not as acrid as lemons (Articlebase, 2007).Two sorts of juices can be produced using oranges specifically: hand pressed and orange concentrate. The hand crushed squeezed orange is made by depleting the organic product mash utilizing a â€Å"juicer or a squeezer†. The focus then again, is produced using new products of the soil squeeze that has been sifted and is for the most part in solidified state. There has been a warmed discussion on what sort of squeezed orange has the most elevated substance of nutrient C. Correspondingly, different tests and explores have been done to assess the nutrient C content in orange concentrate and new squeezed orange. In two investigations did by Terpstra, (April 2005), newly crushed juice had a high convergence of nutrient C, contrasted with the orange concentrates. The orange seasoned beverages didn't have any nutrient C in them. Comparative tests additionally have yielded results demonstrating that the hand-pressed squeezed orange contains the most elevated measure of nutrient C. Exemptions happened in squeezed orange thinks that contained a high grouping of nutrient C (http://www.odec.ca/ventures/2004/fink4k0/public_html/pages/exp2.html).Factors that hinder the centralization of Vitamin CThe annihilation of nutrient C as a rule happens during the planning of food, somewhat because of the explanation that Vitamin C is touchy to warmth, light and ai r (Larsen, 2009). During hacking, cooking and heating up, the orange is out in the open thus gets polluted. Be that as it may, extremely low temperature safeguard nutrient C in oranges, for example at the point when kept in a cooler. Accessibility of oxygen to the oranges brings down the substance of Vitamin C in them. In actuality, oranges have a high substance of nutrient C whenever picked while they are less ready, for example the Navel oranges develop early. Contributing components to this incorporate the nitrogen level of the dirt and the temperatures in the encompassing: cooler temperatures and soils with low nitrogen focus safeguard nutrient C by restraining the pace of maturing. That is the reason in locales with high temperature, yield products of low nutrient C focus. Be that as it may, a decent measure of potassium is required for creation of high nutrient C (Lã ³pez et al., 2007).Oxygen is the major decimating operator in squeezed orange since it causes breakdown of asc orbic corrosive. Yet additionally, fructose which is a sugar constituent in oranges can debase nutrient C. In another viewpoint, accessibility of more significant levels of citrus and malic corrosive in oranges makes nutrient C impervious to debasement. To safeguard the nutrient C fixation, cold temperature and obstacle to oxygen ought to be watched (Shi, 2006). The idea of the compartment wherein the juice is put away likewise can change the measure of nutrient C in oranges. Finish holders have been found to lose more nutrient C contrasted with metal jars, due to one side over oxygen and nutrient C responding with the compartment. Glasses are additionally inadmissible for capacity because of their powerlessness to save nutrient C. Consequently the inclination of putting away oranges in container boxes, which are hazy, in this way light is forestalled structure arriving at the organic products. Solidified juices are similarly put away in cardboard jars fixed with a foil to ration nu trient C from oxygen corruption (Lozano, 2006).The boundaries utilized underway of various types of squeezed orange influence the convergence of nutrient C. There is normally an extremely high grouping of Vitamin C in solidified concentrated squeezed orange and reconstituted solidified concentrated squeezed orange which is credited to the mixing of early-season organic product with late season natural product. Therefore, canned squeezed orange, because of extraordinary warming over the span of canning, has a decreased measure of nutrient C (Tang, 2002). Presentation of the organic product bearing tree to daylight enlarges the degree of Vitamin C; hence, natural products that appear to the external piece of the tree and towards the heading of the sun have higher measures of nutrient C, while in locales where there is constrained daylight, there is low convergence of nutrient C in the oranges. Moreover, various types of organic products have unique occasions of development. Oranges th at develop inside a brief timeframe have a higher convergence of nutrient C when contrasted with those that take more time to develop (Townsend, 2006).ConclusionAccording to the accessible examination, hand-pressed squeezed orange contains a high measure of Vitamin C. Squeezed orange concentrates have a higher convergence of Vitamin C since they are made out of oranges that are early developing and those that take more time to develop. Different sorts of beverages that are orange seasoned don't contain any nutrient C in them, yet contain additives that could be destructive tot the human wellbeing. Squeezed orange that is canned contains a low centralization of nutrient C which is because of high warmth introduction during preparing. It is accordingly suggested that hand-pressed squeezed orange is the best for utilization since it is unadulterated new and has a high centralization of nutrient C.References:Articlebase, The Truth About Vitamin C in Orange Juice (2007), recovered on Mar ch, 23rd 2009, from: http://www.articlesbase.com/wellbeing articles/reality with regards to nutrient c-in-squeezed orange 161458.htmlFinkler-kemeny, K. (n.d) Experiment: Concentrate or Hand-crushed? Recovered on March, 23rd 2009, from: http://www.odec.ca/ventures/2004/fink4k0/public_html/pages/exp2.htmlHigdon, J. (2006): Vitamin C, Micronutrient data focus, Linus Pauling InstituteHilary, H Hickey, S. (2004): Ascorbate, ISBN 1411607244, 9781411607248, Lulu.comLarsen, J. (2009) Ask the Dietitian SM. Recovered on March 23rd, 2009, from: http://www.dietitian.com/vitaminc.html.Là ³pez, A., Ros-Chumillasa, M., Belissarioa,Y Iguaza, A.â (2007): Quality and timeframe of realistic usability of squeezed orange aseptically bundled in PET containers, Journal of Food Engineering, Vol 79, issue 1, 2007, pp 234-242Lozano, J.E. (2006): Fruit Manufacturing: Scientific Basis, Engineering Properties, and Deteriorative Reactions of Technological Importance, ISBN 0387306145, 9780387306148, SpringerSh i, J. (2006): Functional food fixings and nutraceuticals: preparing advancements ISBN 0849324416, 9780849324413, CRC PressTang, J. (2002): Advances in bioprocessing building, ISBN 9810246978, 9789810246976, World ScientificTerpstra, C. (April 2005): Vitamin C in Orange Juice, Retrieved on March 23rd, 2009, from:â http://www.oaml.com/PDF/040152.pdf)Townsend, C. (2006): Vitamin C and Citrus Juices, Retrieved on March 23rd, 2009 from: http://www.ultimatecitrus.com/vitaminc.html.Vitamin C (2009): Retrieved on March 23rd, 2009, from: http://www.exrx.net/Nutrition/Antioxidants/VitaminC.html)

Discussion And Implications For The Eap Program Education Essay Free Essays

string(205) on the grounds that the discoveries of this exploration demonstrate that understudies ‘ inadequacy of involvement with a coordinated obtaining condition, all things considered, impacts on their EAP securing and scholastic success. Presentation The two old sections exhibited the significance of looking into Saudi understudies ‘ requests and the scholarly human advancement that they experience while examining in British foundations which identify with their English securing involvement with Saudi Arabia, remembering their situations about larning English for the UK and investigating in a British alumni understudy program and to reveal single requests and fights in larning EAP. Without examining Saudi students ‘ positions about their requests examination from the earliest starting point in Saudi Arabia, and the EAP class in the UK, I would non have the option to do any important associations between the EAP and postgraduate setting and demo how their positions and practices change in footings of phonetic correspondence requests and scholastic requests. It is evident that the Saudi understudies examined in this overview happen it difficult to get by with semantic correspondence requests and the scholarly human adva ncement contrasts notwithstanding the way that they are allowed to fix themselves either in Saudi Arabia or in the UK before get bringing down their alumni understudy designs in the UK. We will compose a custom article test on Conversation And Implications For The Eap Program Education Essay or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now It is, consequently, basic to investigate their present preparing in footings of EAP and social contrasts and to propose potential approaches to better the help that is offered to these students. The three significant hypotheses that supported this overview were Present situation investigation ( PSA ) , Target situation examination ( TSA ) and development examination. The PSA and TSA depend on the Huticon and Water ( 1987 ) hypothetical record which proposed occurring out the students ‘ ebb and flow and future requests. The social requests investigation depends on various research laborers for example as clarified in the third part which proposed look intoing the scholarly requests of students breaking down in English discourse creation states. Second, this exploration planned to put the connections between Saudi understudies breaking down in British alumni understudy plans and their rendition to their new scholarly condition and the potential battles they experienced. Last, this study conceptualized the idea of Saudi understudies, as a particular gathering through their encounters in British alumni understudy plans. Refering these hypotheses, this exploration gave discoveries that mirror the present occupations Saudi understudies face and inside informations potential parts to Saudi students, British employees and arrangement shapers in footings of better trepidation Saudi students ‘ procurement strategies in British alumni understudy plans, show signs of improvement ofing the diverse issues viz. scholastic development and get bying with inconveniences in footings of the new scholarly setting they have to suit to in the British setting. The principal issue brought up in this examination was identified with ( PSA ) regarding the matter of larning English. It concentrated on talks that may reveal of import features of English etymological correspondence inconveniences through taking a gander at Saudi understudies ‘ encounters in larning the English semantic correspondence in the two distinctive guidance frameworks. Blending to the exploration discoveries here, Saudi understudies tested in this study were acclimated with an instructor focused obtaining condition. The improvement of Saudi students ‘ insight about larning structures in this framework appears non to fit them great to larn English for Academic Purposes. For representation, it appears that it is marginally hard for EAP educators to set up what sort of difficulties the students have in larning the English phonetic correspondence. Fundamentally, the educator focused securing framework is probably going to hinder them from dealing with the employme nts they face in light of the fact that most teachers in this condition are non viewed as feeders. In a word, the educators ‘ work in this framework is non fitting for Saudi students ‘ advancement in EAP except if teachers make a solid effort to suit the understudies. To set this just, it would be useful if teachers guided the understudies to suit to the British arrangement of learning English a little bit at a time, as making this would uplift Saudi students ‘ encounters larning EAP. Fitting to writing, students can build up their English through communicating with approaches, and these synergistic talks are extremely of import to make methods of building up the capability level of EAP researchers. Saudi understudies inspected in this study are for the most part the individuals who have moved to an understudy focused procurement framework and along these lines experienced numerous occupations with their new larning condition explicitly when they start their alumni understudy surveies. They would henceforth hold greater chance of sing unforeseen English etymological correspondence inconveniences in footings of collaborating with local and non-local students, employees and individuals in the host network. It is characteristic that an understudy focused securing framework should gracefully a superior domain for Saudi students to make synergistic talks which they could use for the improvement of their EAP capacities. Concerning the significance of an instructional exercise kind of action ; this is non a conventional bit of the Saudi guidance framework. There are comparative sorts of Sessionss offered by the private segment in third Saudi foundations, yet this is not quite the same as the British guidance framework which sees instructional exercises as an imperative bit of the procurement and getting the hang of educating strategy. This implies Saudi students are non arranged to partake in coordinated securing exercises, for example, instructional exercises and crew work. They are non acceptable at sharing contemplations or talking the issues that may be brought up in classification. This is a significant difficulty that Saudi understudies have in obliging to culturally diverse contrasts looked in British alumni understudy plans. It is another test for them to improve of this basic endeavor so as to set about their classs effectively. In any case, it is other than evident this can non be changed i n the present moment since Saudi understudies have non been educated with a conversation based way remembering equivalents and teachers for Saudi Arabia. Subsequently, this is a significant issue for both the Saudi guidance framework and British third guidance providers. For the Saudi guidance framework, arrangement shapers who are included interest to be worried that they give a guidance training strategy in accordance with the subject of a coordinated gathering larning condition for Saudi students. This is on the grounds that the discoveries of this examination demonstrate that understudies ‘ insufficiency of involvement with a purposeful securing condition, all things considered, impacts on their EAP obtaining and scholastic achievement. You read Conversation And Implications For The Eap Program Education Essay in classification Exposition models In add-on, British third guidance providers, and individuals who are associated with this nation, need to pay taking care of the way that Saudi understudies ‘ inconvenience in instructional exercise commitment is one which meddles with or keeps students from creating EAP securi ng and scholarly achievement while breaking down in British alumni understudy plans. The discoveries of this review with diverse form in the subject of social speculations introduced in part two of this overview uncovered Saudi understudies ‘ encounters of larning English at place and in British alumni understudy plans are extraordinary. To start with, Saudi understudies did non hold satisfactory chance to larn about Britain, despite the fact that the UK had been viewed as one of the ideal English discourse creation states Saudi understudies look for their alumni understudy surveies. Indeed, Saudi English guidance plans do non flexibly sufficient data about English talking states in their course of study. This other than would in general take to a lack of perception and multifaceted cognizance for Saudi understudies in regards to their focused on states. On the different manus, Saudi students ‘ presentation to such perception and diverse aspects was probably going to be remembered one time they showed up in the UK and initiated their classs in British fou ndations † plans. It very well may be contended that Saudi understudies ‘ efficient preparing before going their place state is significant in guaranting better form to the new obtaining condition, especially the scholarly condition. All the more essentially, the examination discoveries in this setting stressed a lack of insight of the scholarly setting which is other than an of import issue. The way that Saudi English guidance plans do non grasp the scholarly setting is an overabundance concern. This might be the most genuine activity that causes current Saudi understudies ‘ English etymological correspondence inconveniences when obliging to the British scholastic setting ( each piece great as other English talking states ‘ scholarly settings ) . For this ground, Saudi understudies simply start to pick up the significance of the scholarly setting as they experienced the new or existent scholastic condition. Refering the general inclination of Saudi understudies ‘ taking English discourse creation states for their guidance, it is fundamental for individuals or organizations to begin plans of English phonetic correspondence for scholarly expectations as an imperative bit of the school course of s tudy. These would better connection with the requests of the researchers in their new scholastic condition. In add-on ; cognizance about building up a superior fear of scholarly social contrasts, especially while pointing English discourse creation states, ought to be inspected by the two understudies themselves and arrangement shapers in Saudi Arabia before doing a closing assurance about who is heading out to break down in English sp

Conference Aims to Boost Financial Literacy in Oregon - OppLoans

Conference Aims to Boost Financial Literacy in Oregon - OppLoans Conference Aims to Boost Financial Literacy in Oregon Conference Aims to Boost Financial Literacy in OregonInside Subprime: October 28, 2019By Lindsay FrankelIn an effort to improve financial literacy outcomes for Oregon residents, nonprofit Financial Beginnings hosted a conference for leaders and educators involved with financial education efforts in their communities.Past conferences have proven successful at bringing financial education opportunities to Oregonians; more than 90 percent of the participants in the 2017 conference said the conference inspired them to provide financial literacy resources to the populations they served.Financial literacy rates in Oregon are dropping, according to the 2018 National Financial Capability Study conducted by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. 48 percent of Oregonians don’t have an emergency fund, while 19 percent are spending more than they earn.And that seems to be a result of poor financial literacy skills among residents. On a five-question financial literacy test, 62 percent of participants weren’t able to answer more than three of the questions correctly.Inadequate financial literacy skills paired with weak financial resources in the state leave residents vulnerable to making poor financial choices. While the Oregon Department of Education mandates that students graduate with an understanding of finances, students aren’t assessed on meeting these goals, nor are teachers provided with adequate curriculum. The impact of this is that few schools are able to teach the financial literacy skills that students need to be successful in their adult lives.Community-based organizations and government agencies also lack the resources to be able to establish programs that teach adults about personal finance. That leaves the responsibility to Oregon residents to educate themselves, but many people may be unaware that they lack the skills to navigate their financial lives.The impact of these deficiencies is far reaching with regards to the financial health of Orego nians. Those who receive financial education are more likely to put money aside for a rainy day, establish a credit history, avoid financial scams, and have access to lending options. On the other hand, people without an education background in personal finance are more likely to lack access to low-interest credit and to make poor financial decisions, such as borrowing Oregon payday loans and title loans.These risky methods of borrowing contribute to indebtedness and make it difficult for borrowers to improve their financial situations. Payday loans carry average annual percentage rates reaching nearly 400 percent, according to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Yet many borrowers with poor financial literacy skills are unable to understand the true cost of using these products, which leads to an insurmountable cycle of debt, especially for financially vulnerable populations.The 2019 Financial Literacy Conference aimed to fill in the gap in available resources by providing pa rticipants with the chance to learn about state efforts, increase their own knowledge of personal finance, and be empowered to share their understanding with the community.Learn more about payday loans, scams, and cash advances by checking out our city and state financial guides, including Oregon, Portland, Salem, Chicago, Illinois, Florida, Texas, and more.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn

Methods for Reducing Child Abuse - 1506 Words

Nowadays, children are suffering from many physical, psychological and mental complications which is a result of neglecting their rights to live a normal childhood without being exploited. Many children across the globe are exposed to various types of child abuse whether physically, verbally, sexually or even psychologically.AS the illiteracy rates are increasing widely many people do not understand child abuse as a problem. In general, child abuse means the child maltreatment in any form which may lead to childhood serious injuries and fatalities. The problem is rising without any strong attempts to stop it and it is passing from one generation to the other leading to the deprivation of children from happy or cheerful childhood. According to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2013 . About 30% of abused and neglected children will later abuse their own children, continuing the horrible cycle of abuse. Basically, the problem is caused by the spreading of poverty, stress, f amily isolation and of course the lack of awareness of the problem. There are some fatal dangers and risks that result from such a major problem which can affect the whole society as for example the sexual child abuse may result in teen pregnancy and spread of sexual diseases among people. Also, physically abused children may show violent behavior with other children in the schools which may lead to serious consequences. There are many different sectors involved in the problem mainly children,Show MoreRelatedEffects Of Childhood Sexual Abuse On Children1282 Words   |  6 PagesSexual Abuse is dependent in many ways depending on the type of and severity of the abuse. 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An Analysis of the Hurricane Catrina Relief Effort Essay

In a state of national emergency, the United States government is expected to be efficient and organized. When Hurricane Katrina struck on August 25th, 2005, the United States government was not readily prepared for such an immense disaster. The mismanagement of relief efforts by the U.S. government led to a lack of adequate assistance to U.S. victims along with a prolonged restoration period for those in need. Had the government accepted more foreign aid and further prepared for the storm, hurricane Katrina may not have proved such a disaster in our nation’s history. This essay will explain how foreign aid was integrated into the relief effort. Additionally, this essay will explore the government’s refusal of aid from various countries†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, in many instances this was not enough, seeing as the final death toll from the storm came to an estimated 1800 people (Kenny, 2013). As the G.A.O. stated, â€Å"it exacted terrible human cost s with the loss of significant number of lives and resulted in billions of dollars in property damage†(GAO 2006). Faster aid and relief to the victims of Katrina was a possibility that did not occur due to the lack of preparation and acceptance of aid by the United States government. Government Action In a time of crisis, the government response to the situation at hand was poor and inefficient. There were numerous flaws and errors in the relief plan proposed to the government which in turn led to delayed relief to victims in need. The immediate response phase after Katrina lasted roughly 12 days. During this time, â€Å"victims were evacuated, rescued, sheltered, and received medical care from first responders, charities and other non-governmental organizations, and private citizens†(McNeill, 2011). The fact that the U.S. government organizations were not the first responders to the disaster is shameful for our country. The majority of the immediate relief occurred thanks to the aid of private organizations such as the Red Cross along with the Bush-Clinton Katrina Fund (McNeill, 2011). The Bush administration and other government figures acted incredibly slowly and were unable to give the

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) - 1855 Words

1. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a fairly common diagnosis with an estimated 1.1 million people in the United stated who carry the infection and is predominantly seen in homosexual Caucasian and black males.1 Prognosis for individuals with HIV is vastly different and is dependent on many different variables. The Center for Disease and Control (CDC) has classified the HIV virus into 3 stages based on the symptoms and the pathological progression of the virus. The first stage of the virus lasts usually one to four weeks, which presents with similar symptoms of mononucleosis (2 p 367). Stage two of the virus roughly lasts about ten years, at which point the CD4+ t cell levels drop to around 1000 cells/microliter (2 p367). During the final stage, stage 3 occurs when the CD4+ T cells levels drop to 200 cells/microliter, and the person is now infected with AIDS and the progression of the infection may be very rapid (2 p367). 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The virus immediately beginsRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1261 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become more commonly seen in the world. It is important to show compassion rather than judging that patient based on a virus. The hygienist plays an important role in making the patient feel comfortable and in a judgment free environment. The patient should not feel as if the disease or virus defines the overall character of the patient. Standards precautions are still the same when treating all patients with or without a compromisingRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )948 Words   |  4 PagesThe Uses of Blood by the HIV Virus Blood-borne diseases have contributed greatly to poor health outcomes among individuals and communities. Though blood fulfills various functions to ensure our survival, it can also act as the mechanism through which we become diseased. Understanding the characteristics of such infectious diseases is essential to preventing further cases. In this paper I will discuss how the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses blood to cause illness within the infected individualRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus1205 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is HIV? HIV is a fatal disease which stands for â€Å"Human Immunodeficiency Virus† it is a failure to the immune system to protect the body from any infections. This virus causes a condition called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. When HIV is left untreated it leads to another disease called â€Å"AIDS†. It can occur in any age, race, sex or sexual orientation. The highest risk of contracting HIV is having unprotected sex and sha ring needles with others. Another factor are people that have STI’s andRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )980 Words   |  4 Pages The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an immune system disorder that can be contracted through sexual activity as well as other types of contact. (Healthy Living, pg. 79) If left untreated this virus can turn into AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). AIDS is the final stage of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (aids.gov) AIDS is an incurable progressive disease that causes gradual destruction of CD4 T cells by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (Diseases, pg. 431) A healthyRead MoreHiv, Or Human Immunodeficiency Virus998 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1 HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, attacks the human immune system and greatly weakens the body’s ability to fight foreign invaders and infection. HIV first demanded notice in the early 1980s in the United States in homosexual men displaying illnesses like Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The disease was soon observed in IV drug users, hemophiliacs, and blood transfusion recipients, but became publicized as a â€Å"gay disease,† nicknamed by the media as GRID, or Gay-RelatedRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1349 Words   |  6 Pages Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retro virus that causes AIDs by infecting the T Helper cells of the body’s immune system. The AIDS virus is the final stages of the HIV virus. HIV is a lentivirus genus, which is a subgroup of the retrovirus that causes the AIDS virus. Even with proper treatment, an infected person has a life expectancy of less than ten years.As the virus weakens t he human immune systems, this effectleaves the patient compromised and at risk to opportunistic infections

Teen brain

Question: Why the Teen brain is drawn to Risk? Answer: This report tries to summarize the article Why the Teen Brain Is Drawn to Risk written by Maia Szalavitz from https://healthland.time.com/. The author here mainly gives a caution to parents of a teenager to protect them from their own misjudgements. Szalavitz says that the brain of teen is wired and some of those are nothing but the senseless choices that arises due to the biological tendencies. She, in this article analyses the risks perception among the teenagers and says that it is riotously overestimated. She says that the notorious risks taken by the adolescents are due to the unknown risks which have greater tolerance to ambiguity and uncertainty instead of the known risks. Saying this she highlights the viewpoint of Agnieszka Tymula, one of the leading authors in this study that teens connect more with unknown risks than the adults. To support this, a research was conducted by engaging the 33 teens and 30 adults in a gambling game and was found that adults were more involved i n gambling compared to teens (Szalavitz). Szalavitz also highlights the point of Valerie Reyna, professor of human development and psychology at Cornell University, that adolescent has different information processing style. They generally get lost with particular risks and mostly emphasize on possible rewards, ignoring the ultimate consequences of a problem. Teens use quantitative thinking and take about twice the length adults do before reacting, while adults promptly have a negative response to risks. Reyna suggest that instructing gist-based thinking can help adolescents stay away from hazardous decisions. Tymula proposes that permitting adolescents chances to safely try experiments could likewise help them create expertises that underlie gist-based thinking. Therefore, more prominent resilience for vulnerability and the obscure and an expanded interest for and concentrate on rewards can presumably helps teenage (Szalavitz). This summary of teens brain can be linked with the assertions of Havighursts Developmental Tasks Theory. According to Havighurst, development is continuous all through the whole lifespan, happening in every stage of human being. He says that psychological components that rise up out of the developing identity and psyche of an individual are encapsulated in personal objectives and values. These objectives and values are another source of few developmental tasks, for example, securing one's self-idea, creating associations with companions (Psychologynoteshq.com). He finds that teenage achieve new and more develop relations with both genders of their ages, procures values sets and a moral framework as a manual for guide their own behaviour; build up ideology, accomplish emotional independence different grown-ups and also their parents, achieve a social role may be as male or female, accepting one's physique and utilize the body viably furthermore attaining to socially responsible behavi our (Manning). These tasks develop as a feature of the life cycle and make distinctive requests on the teens. Hence, to encourage improvement, teachers need to acquaint understudies with these basic tasks at the ideal time (Adler-Tapia). In conclusion, it can be said that teenagers are more inclined towards the unknown risks than the adults. As per the theory of Havighurst, every human undergo stages and every stage has different task. Similarly, adolescent have different task which they like. These likes and dislikes can be improved by teaching gist-based thinking. The teachers need develop this framework at the right time. References Adler-Tapia, Robbie. Child Psychotherapy. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2012. Print. Manning, M. Lee. 'Havighurst's Developmental Tasks, Young Adolescents, And Diversity'. The Clearing House 76.2 (2002): 75-78. Web. Psychologynoteshq.com,. 'HavighurstS Developmental Tasks Theory'. N.p., 2015. Web. 27 Apr. 2015. Szalavitz, Maia. 'Adolescents' Risk-Taking Behavior Is Driven By Tolerance To Ambiguity'. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109.42 (2012): 17135-17140. Web. 27 Apr. 2015.

Media & Culture - Sign Symbol Essays - Philosophy Of Language

Media & Culture - Sign Symbol A sign system is representation through communication which in turn leads to a shared meaning or understanding. We hold mental representations that classify and organise the world (whether fact or fiction), people, objects and events into meaningful categories so that we can meaningfully comprehend the world. The media use sign systems through newspapers, magazines, television,internet, and the radio etc. The conceptual map of meaning and language are the basis of representation. The conceptual map of meaning, are concepts organised, arranged and classified into complex relations to one another. The conceptual map of meaning although allows you to distinguish your own individual interpretation of the world, at the same time as holding similar views to that of other people in your culture. As the meaning is produced and constructed and in turn learned by a particular group of people. Therefore sharing conventions and codes of their language and culture. Signs can only convey meaning if we possess codes which allow us to translate our concepts into language. These codes are the result of social conventions which lead to the shared maps of meaning. These shared meanings are learnt unconsciously as we become members of a culture.If we have a concept of something in our minds we can say we know the meaning of this concept. However we cannot express or communicate this meaning without the second system of representation, language. Language is the only way in which meanings can be effectively exchanged between people, as people within the same culture are able to interpret the sign of language in the same manner. As the meanings become natural through the conditioning of culture. For example the word white in Australia represents a colour of purity, however in China it is the colour of death. Demonstrating that different cultures have not only have different meanings in their shared conceptual maps, but a different language to express it. As meanings change rapidly throughout cultures to really understand another culture you must live there and speak the language for some time. Cultural, social, political, and linguistic conventions are learned over time. The three theories of representation, reflective, intentional and constructionist approaches explain how representations through language work. The reflective approach is where language functions as a ?mirror? of the particular elements perceived meaning. The intentional approach, is where the authors individual views of the world are expressed. Whereas the constructionist approach is where we the audience construct the meaning through our shared conceptual maps and language. The media use these sign symbols so that an association can be made to the object, person, event, or idea etc. With this information of representation and language the media can familiarise people with many things, such as cultural knowledge. As advertising surrounds consumers, concern is often expressed over the impact on society, particularly on values and lifestyle. While a number of factors influence the cultural values, lifestyles, and behaviour of a society, the overwhelming amount of advertising and its prevalence in the mass media suggests that advertising plays a major role in influencing and transmitting social values. In his book Advertising and Social Change, Ronald Berman says; The Institution of the family, religion and education have grown noticeably weaker over each of the past three generations. The world itself seems to have grown more complex. In the absence of traditional authority, advertising has become a kind of social guide. It depicts us in all the myriad situations possible to a life of free choice. It provides ideas about style, morality, and behaviour. While there is general agreement that advertising is an important social influence agent, opinions as to the value of its contribution are often negative. Advertising is criticised for encouraging materialism, manipulating consumers to buy things they do not really need, perpetuating stereotyping, and controlling the media. The media must consider the cultural variables of each country, such as the complexity of learned meanings, norms, language, customs, tastes, attitudes, religion, traditions, education, lifestyle, values, and the ethical/moral standards shared by members of each society. These variables must be learnt by the media as not to offend the group they are portraying. Cultural norms and values offer direction and guidance to members of a society in all aspects of

No Permanent Friends, Only Permanent Objectives essays

No Permanent Friends, Only Permanent Objectives essays The theme of the modern sovereign state over the last four centuries has been no permanent friends, only permanent objectives. During the period from 1789 to 1823, The United States accomplished one of its objectives, the Monroe doctrine of 1823 but was unsuccessful in the Proclamation of Neutrality issued in 1793 objectives. The goal for America was to keep no foreign ties with any country as expressed in George Washingtons farewell address when he stated make no permanent economic ties or alliances. On December 2, 1823, the fifth president of the United States, James Monroe, expressed the Monroe Doctrine in his seventh annual message to Congress. The Monroe doctrine was a basic policy for the defense of all North and South American nations against foreign attack. The end of the Napoleonic wars in 1815 marked the breakup of the Spanish empire in the New World as rebellions and independence movements became common. The new Spanish republics, such as the newly independent Argentina, sought and expected recognition by the United States, and many Americans endorsed that idea. President Monroe wasnt willing to risk war for nations he knew wouldnt survive. From his point of view, as long as the other European powers didnt intervene, the United States government could just let Spain and her rebellious colonies fight it out. After finally recognizing these new colonizes in 1822, they were seen as making alliances with France. This caused the Monroe doctrine to be issued and enfo rced. In the Monroe Doctrine, the United States informed the powers of the Old World that the American continents were no longer open to European colonization and that any effort to extend European political influence into the New World would be considered dangerous to peace and safety. This policy succeeded because it met British interests as well as American, and for the next 100 years was secured by the ...

Fixing Responsibility for Economic Blunders Essay - 1

Fixing Responsibility for Economic Blunders - Essay Example Economics was defined as â€Å"Science of Wealth Creation† by Adam Smith, the father of economics as well as the economics of early days like J.E. Cairnes, J. B. Say, and F. A. Walker (http://www.newagepublishers.com/samplechapter/001283.pdf). According to these economists, economics was science that dealt with the ways in which a nation acquires wealth. This definition placed economics as a stream of knowledge devoid of any human face. To provide a social and moral face to this stream of knowledge the next generation of economists like Marshall, Robbins, and Samuelson gave a more comprehensive and humane definition of economics. They defined economics as a branch of knowledge which is â€Å"on the one side a study of wealth; and on the other, and more important side, a part of the study of man.† (http://www.newagepublishers.com/samplechapter/001283.pdf). Another very famous definition of economics comes from a very popular economist of the modern age – Robbins. He defined economics as the science of optimum allocation of scarce resources to satisfy infinite needs. His definition of economics tried to distance it from the moral or ethical issues to make it a scientific discipline. Today, his definition is the most acceptable definition of economics and modern-day economists do not consider it anything but a scientific subject. They have learned and applied much exotic mathematics, be it differential equations in many variables or abstract concepts of set theory and linear algebra into different problems and situations of economic sense.  

Purpose for Educational Leadership Personal Statement

Purpose for Educational Leadership - Personal Statement Example With my master degree, I was credited with 3 Advanced Certificates in Management from the same university, to wit: Advanced Certificate in Information Management, Advanced Certificate in Telecommunication Management, and Advanced Certificate in Human Resource. My interest in educational leadership is an expected offshoot of an increased awareness in contemporary leadership theories gained from human resources management courses. I have started to remunerate on the development of leadership theories through time – mostly focusing on leadership styles and perspectives on motivating one’s followers. Despite the enormous amounts of theoretical framework on guidelines for effective leadership, there still exist conflicts in organizations that could not be resolved by the so-called leaders who have supposedly gained so much expertise on the field of human behavior in organizations which highlight modules on managing conflict, change, culture, diversity, and teamwork, among others. My educational background equipped me with conceptual frameworks on management and technology. I am aware that the history of education has evolved from a curriculum comprising of a simple theoretical framework to the complex structure we have today. The development of technology opened a whole spectrum of information and educational opportunities which enhanced the capabilities of individuals. Murphy, et.al. (2002) averred that â€Å"school leaders, educational administration faculty, and policymakers are endeavouring to redefine the profession in an era of ferment, during which the legitimacy of its knowledge base and the appropriateness of programs for preparing school leaders have been thrown into question†. More and more educational programs and institutions opt to apply leadership theories for diverse reasons. In this regard, I am interested to look into the increasing incidents for educational institutions’ use of adjunct faculty to augment teaching needs and requirements, not duly supported by full-time faculty members.     

Inferences for One Population Standard Deviation Essay Example for Free

Inferences for One Population Standard Deviation Essay The Standard deviation is a measure of the variation (or spread) of a data set. For a variable x, the standard deviation of all possible observations for the entire population is called the population standard deviation or standard deviation of the variable x. It is denoted ÏÆ'x or, when no confusion will arise, simply ÏÆ'. Suppose that we want to obtain information about a population standard deviation. If the population is small, we can often determine ÏÆ' exactly by first taking a census and then computing ÏÆ' from the population data. However, if the population is large, which is usually the case, a census is generally not feasible, and we must use inferential methods to obtain the required information about ÏÆ'. In this section, we describe how to perform hypothesis tests and construct confidence intervals for the standard deviation of a normally distributed variable. Such inferences are based on a distribution called the chi-square distribution. Chi is a Greek letter whose lowercase form is χ. A variable has a chi-square distribution if its distribution has the shape of a special type of right-skewed curve, called a chi-square (χ2) curve. Actually, there are infinitely many chi-square distributions, and we identify the chi-square distribution (and χ2-curve) in question by its number of degrees of freedom. Basic Properties of χ2-Curves are: Property 1: The total area under a χ2-curve equals 1. Property 2: A χ2-curve starts at 0 on the horizontal axis and extends indefinitely to the right, approaching, but never touching, the horizontal axis as it does so. Property 3: A χ2-curve is right skewed. Property 4: As the number of degrees of freedom becomes larger, χ2- curves look increasingly like normal curves. Percentages (and probabilities) for a variable having a chi-square distribution are equal to areas under its associated χ2-curve. The one-standard-deviation χ2-test is also known as the χ2-test for one population standard deviation. This test is often formulated in terms of variance instead of standard deviation. Unlike the z-tests and t-tests for one and two population means, the one-standard deviation χ2-test is not robust to moderate violations of the normality assumption. In fact, it is so non robust that many statisticians advice against its use unless there is considerable evidence that the variable under consideration is normally distributed or very nearly so. The non-parametric procedures, which do not require normality, have been developed to perform inferences for a population standard deviation. If you have doubts about the normality of the variable under consideration, you can often use one of those procedures to perform a hypothesis test or find a confidence interval for a population standard deviation. The one-standard-deviation χ2-interval procedure is also known as the χ2-interval procedure for one population standard deviation. This confidence-interval procedure is often formulated in terms of variance instead of standard deviation. Reference: http://classof1.com/homework-help/statistics-homework-help View as multi-pages

Essay --

First, a bit of background on the inventor and his innovation. Thomas Davenport lived in Vermont in the 19th century as a blacksmith and shop owner. During the early 1830s, Davenport heard about an interesting invention, and travelled to see Joseph Henry’s electromagnet. The magnet was used in an ironworks to separate different types and purities of iron, but was considered inefficient and was more of an interesting contraption than a useful device. By studying the electromagnet, Davenport figured out how to build his own electromagnet. He also made a few changes and came up with something of his own design.â€Å"He mounted two electromagnets to a pivot, and two others on fixed poles. He than used a battery attached by a commutator (a switching device) to supply current to the system. When he threw the switch the device rotated and thus created the "first" electric motor.†(http://edisontechcenter.org/DavenportThomas.html) Davenport had created a battery-powered electric motor, powerful enough to operate some the of the equipment he used in his blacksmith shop. He also believed in the motor’s ability to power locomotives, and built a small electric circular track with electricity-conducting rails and a small battery in the center to power the model train that was on the track to demonstrate its ability. He found the motor had many applications as a power source. He used his electric motor to power a printing press (which he then used to publish a journal about electromagnetism), a small electric car that was one of the first of its kind, and an electric powered piano. Davenport’s motor was unable to be profitable, however. â€Å"No one knew how to predict the amount of energy in chemical batteries, and a battery-powered motor could not compe... ... What they had previously were horses, which were inefficient and time-consuming in comparison. Streetcars were a valuable form of local transportation at the time and are used in some places even today. Davenport’s electric car could also be the prototype for modern electric cars today. The main difference is that his car was on a track. Until then, not many people had considered electricity’s use as a power source for vehicles. Thanks to Davenport’s invention, inventors and scientists could speculate on it’s use and efficiency as a motor for transportation that could be available to the public. The most difficult part of such a task would be how to power the vehicle. The advances and new technology after Davenport were able to take advantage of his motor and the knowledge it gave them, and people were able to create a power source that was practical and efficient.

Irish Family Law Essay

Discuss some of the key provisions and principles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the child. Include an example of Irish law or police that complies /does not comply with the States obligations under the convention. Introduction This essay will look at some of the key provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) and discuss Ireland’s progress in fulfilling their obligation under the UNCRC. The author will reflect briefly on the history of children’s rights in Ireland. The essay will consider what measures the state has taken to develop strategies and policies to improve the wellbeing of the children. Recent government initiatives will be explored will be explored to assess whether the UN Convention has been implemented into National Policy. The author will also consider the legal framework to gauge if Irish legislation as it stands today complies with the states obligations under the convention. Historical Perspective Attitudes towards children and their rights have changed dramatically in recent years; these changes have been slow to come about. Historically children were deemed the property of their parents and had no rights. In the late 1800’s, events abroad began to have an impact on attitudes if Ireland. The 1908 children’s act Britain and Ireland remained the main piece of legislation safeguarding children’s rights for almost one hundred years until the Irish Child Care Act 1991. The United Nations was set up in 1945 after the Second World War to promote peace and human rights. In 1989, it was decided that children needed a separate set of rights to ensure that children worldwide were nurtured, protected and allowed to enjoy childhood. In 1990, Ireland signed the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and ratified it in September 1992 thereby committing the state to implementing the UNCRC. The UNCRC is based on four core principles, the best interest of the child, the right to life survival and development, respect for the views of the child and non-discrimination. Article 3.1 of UNCRC states ‘In all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies the best interest of the child shall be a primary consideration’. Legislation The Child Care Act 1991 is the legislative framework in Ireland for promoting the welfare of the child. This legislation deals primarily with the protection of children in emergencies, or in care. The Childcare Act 1991 Part II, places a statutory onus the HSE to promote the welfare of children in need of care and protection. The 1991 Act also gave the HSE more power to provide childcare and family support services and while doing so must have regard to the following: ‘It is generally in the best interest of the child to be brought up in his or her own family. Having regard to the rights and duties of the parents, the welfare of the child is the first and paramount consideration and that as far as is practicable, the wishes of the child should be considered† (Childcare Act 1991). Part II of The childcare act implements the principle of the best interest of the child in law. The wording in part II of the childcare act would also appear to comply with Article 5 of the UNCRC requiring that ‘Governments respect the right of parents of provide for and care for their children’. Under the Irish Constitution, which is the fundamental law of the land, the family is based on the institution of marriage; only married parents have automatic rights to guardianship of their children. The rights of unmarried parents, in particular fathers are not considered under Irish law, consequently the rights of their children are being contravened. This is in contradiction with Article 18 of the UNCRC, which requires ‘State parties to recognise that both parties have equal responsibility for the care and development of their children. Article 7.1 states that the child †¦has the right to know and be cared for by his or her parents†, while Article 9 requires â€Å"state parties to ensure that a child will not be separated from his parents against the ir will†¦Ã¢â‚¬  UNCRC (1989). Irish law makes it impossible for many children to realise these rights. In the case of unmarried parents, only the mother has automatic right to guardianship. The father must have the consent of the mother or pursue his rights to guardianship through the courts. Article 41 and 42 of the Constitution provides protection for the family unit based on marriage; it does not give individual rights and is more about protecting the institution of marriage than the family. The children of unmarried parents are not afforded the same protection under Article 41 and 42. Under the Irish Constitution as it currently stands, Ireland is not compliant with the UN convention. The constitution, in many cases, denies children of unmarried parents the right to be cared for by both parents. Article 3 .3 of the UN Convention calls for all ‘services and facilities responsible for the care and protection of children to conform to the standards established by competent authorities’. UNCRC (1989) . In 2006 The Child Care (Pre-School Services) Regulations 1996 were revised and replaced by the Child Care (pre-school Services) (No 2) Regulations. The 2006 regulations are more child centred and focus on the health, welfare and development of the child. These regulations are the regulatory framework within which all-early years services must operate in Ireland. Through a vigorous system of inspection, compliance with the pre-school regulations is monitored by the HSE to ensure that all Early Years services meet the minimum standards required by law. The Child Care (Pre School Services) Regulations implement the UN Convention in Irish Law. National Policy Since Ireland ratified the UN Convention in 1992 there have been numerous changes in policy, showing the Irish Government’s commitment to implementing the UNCRC. In 1999, Children First National Guidelines for the Protection and Welfare of children was published by the Department of Health and Children. These guidelines highlight the importance of child welfare and are intended to provide a framework for all those who care for and work with children. Children First is based on the key principle that the best interest s of the child is paramount. These guidelines implement the best interest of the child and Article 19 of the UN Convention into National Policy. In 2006, the Committee on The Rights of The Child (CRC) recommended that Ireland review the Children First guidelines and consider putting them on a statutory basis CRC (2006). The guidelines were revised in 2011 to include new policy, legislation and organisation. at the time of the launch of the new guidelines in 2011, the government announced its intention to put the Children First Guidelines on statutory footing, it will then a legal requirement to report concerns regarding a threat a child’s welfare Nuig (2012). In 1997, the Irish Government made a commitment that a National Childcare Strategy would be developed and an expert working group on Childcare was charged with developing that strategy. Despite Ireland’s commitment to the UN Convention, prior to this there was no national policy on children. The National Children’s Strategy 2000-2010 set three National Goals: to listen to children, think more about what children need and act for children in a holistic sense National Children’s Strategy Our Children-Their Lives (2000). Finally, Ireland was moving towards implementing the UN Convention into National Policy. For the first time children were asked about what they thought they needed and what they would like see happen for them in the future in Ireland. This fulfilled the states obligation under Article 12 of the UN Convention, which requires that ‘State Parties shall assure to the child who is capable of forming his or her own view the right to express those views freely in all matters affecting the child, the views of the child being given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child’ UNCRC (1989). Two thousand five hundred children were involved in these consultations; their responses identified a need for more play and recreation opportunities National Children’s Strategy (2000). In response to these consultations and to honour the states commitment to the UN Convention Article 31 which requires state parties ‘to recognise the right of the child to rest and leisure, to engage in play and recreational activities appropriate to the age of the child’ the government launched Ready, Steady, Play! A National Play Policy in 2004. The objectives of the National Play Policy were to give children a voice, to raise awareness of the importance of play and to improve and maximise the quality and safety of play areas particularly in disadvantaged areas National Play Policy (2004-2008). In 2009 Sà ­olta, the National Quality Framework and Aistear the Early Childhood Curriculum Framework were rolled out. Sà ­olta looks at quality provision and underpins the child’s right to have a voice, recommending that ‘each child has opportunities to make choices, is enabled to make decisions and has his /her choices and decisions respected’ CECDE (1999). Aistear promotes partnerships with parents and play NCCA (2009). Together with Regulation 5 of the Child Care (Pre School Services) (No.2) Regulations 2006 Sà ­olta and Aistear use the Whole Child Perspective to ensure the holistic development of the child while implementing the UN Convention into practice on a daily basis. It is evident that the Irish State is committed to implementing the UN Convention into Irish Law. The legislation introduced in recent years goes some way towards implementing children’s rights into law. In this authors opinion the main obstruction to Ireland’s compliance under the convention is the Irish constitution in its present form. All legislation is subject to the Constitution; therefore, any legislation introduced around child protection or welfare must be compatible with the Constitution. In 2006, the Committee on the rights of the child recommended that Ireland ‘takes further action to incorporate the Convention into domestic law’ CRC (2006). It is this author’s opinion that changes will have to be made to the constitution to separate the rights of the child from those of the family. Many of the policies such as The National Childcare Strategy, The National Play Policy and Children First all underpin the right of the child as outlined in UN Convention. However these policies take the form of guidelines or frameworks, they are not part of the legislation. Following the recommendations of the CRC (2006), it is hoped that the Children First Guidelines will be put on a statutory footing ensuring mandatory reporting of child neglect and abuse. This would help safeguard future generations of Irish children from neglect and abuse. Reference List †¢Centre for Early Childhood Development and Education (2006) Sà ­olta The National framework for Quality in Early Childhood Care and Education. Dublin: Centre for Early Childhood Development and Education. †¢Child Care Act 1991 †¢Department of Children and Youth Affairs (2011) Children First: National Guidelines for the Protection and Welfare of Children, Government Publication: Dublin Available at: http://WWW.dcya.gov.ie/documents/child_welfare_protection/children First.pdf †¢Ireland, Government of (1937) Bunreacht Na hÉireann, Constitution of Ireland. Dublin: Stationery Office. †¢Ireland, Government of (2000) National children’s Strategy, Dublin: The Stationery Office. †¢Ireland, Government of (2006) Child Care Pre-School Services NO 2 Regulations 2006 and child Care Pre-School Services No 2 Amendment Regulations 2006. Dublin: The Stationary Office. †¢National Council for Curriculum and Assessment, (2004) Aistear the Early Childhood Curriculum Framework. Dublin: National Council for Curriculum and Assessment. †¢National Play Policy (2004) Ready Steady Play! [Online]. Available at: http/www.dcya.gov.ie/documents/publications (Accessed 20 January 2012). †¢Nui Galway (2011) Quality Awareness in Early Learning, Galway: Nui Galway. †¢Nui Galway (2012) The Child and Family in Irish Law, Galway: Nui Galway. †¢UN committee on the rights of the Child (CRC) (2006) UN Committee on the Rights of the Child: Concluding Observations, Ireland, 29 September 2006, [Online] Available at: http:www.childrensrights.ie/resourcse.un-com (Accessed: 14 January 2012. †¢United Nations (1989) Convention of the Rights of the Child [Online].Available at: http//wwwcirp.org/library/ethics/UN-Convention/(Accessed: 17 January 2011)

Essay The Importance of Prenatal Care - 1658 Words

The Importance of Prenatal Care Prenatal care is widely accepted as an important element in improving pregnancy outcome. (Gorrie, McKinney, Murray, 1998). Prenatal care is defined as care of a pregnant woman during the time in the maternity cycle that begins with conception and ends with the onset of labor. A medical, surgical, gynecologic, obstretic, social and family history is taken (Mosbys Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary, 1998). It is important for a pregnant woman as well as our society to know that everything that you do has an effect on your baby. Because so many women opt not to receive the benefits of prenatal care, our society sees the ramification, which include a variety of complications primarily†¦show more content†¦8oz. and were thus considered low birth weight births. Preterm births increased from 9.4% in 1984 to 11% in 1993(as cited in MCN, 1998). African Americans had low birth weights that more than doubled those of whites and very low birth weights were three times higher. Many of the low birth weight births resulted in death. According to the National Vital Statistics Report, the figures for the United States from 1998 are as follows: 82.8% of mothers received first trimester care 3.9% received late or no care 63.2% of teen mothers age 15-19 received first trimester care 8.8% of teen mothers received late or no care 12.6% was the median number of care visits Literature Review While some women who received no prenatal care had normal, uncomplicated births, others did not. Most of the women who did not receive adequate prenatal care gave birth to an underweight and underdeveloped infant. Among the benefits of early, comprehensive prenatal care are decreased risk of preterm deliveries and low birth weight (LBW)-both major predictors of infant morbidity and mortality. (Dixon, Cobb, Clarke, 2000). Preterm deliveries, deliveries prior to 37 weeks of gestation, have risen. Since the studies in 1987, which showed the rate of preterm deliveries as 6.9% of births, the 1997 rate shows an increase to 7.5%. Low birth weight, defined as an infant weighing less than 2500 grams (5lbs. 5oz) is often preceded by preterm delivery. LowShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Prenatal Care843 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Prenatal Care Pregnancy can either be the most wonderful time in a woman’s life or the scariest and quite often it is both at the same time. One of the first things that most women do when they become pregnant or even before they become pregnant is focus on their prenatal care. This time in the womb is very important in a baby’s development and taking care of the body is something that is extremely beneficial to the wellbeing of a newborn. 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